Effect of species of carbon on the thermal and combustion reaction of ammonium nitrate-carbon or
ammonium nitrate-light oil-carbon mixtures was investigated by evaluation of surface properties of
carbon, thermal analysis and combustion experiments. The results obtained are as follows.
Themal analysis of ammonium nitrate, ammomium nitrate-carbon mixtures and ammonium nitrate-
light oil-carbon mixtures were affected by sample weight, kind of container, atmospheric pressure,
heating rate, et al. If experiments were carried out under pressurized condition or sealed sample
container was used, the results were very different becaause of suppression of sublimation, evaporation
and dissociation of ammonium nitrate. Especially, a intense exothermic reaction was observed in the
case of the reaction of ammonium nitrate-carbon mixtures or ammonium nitrate-light oil-carbon
mixtures. These reactions were significantly affected by the surface properties of carbon such as
specific surface area and even a small amount of active carbon addition of 1 wt% caused intense
exothermic reaction.
Ammnium nitrate itself didn't sustain combustion, but its mixture with carbon was combustible. This combustion reaction was a also depended on the activity or carbon, and the higher the specific surface area, the larger catalytic reactivity. The surface activity of carbon corresponded well with that of aqueous hydrogen peroxide decomposition.
硝酸アンモニウム-炭素粉末および硝酸アンモニウム - 軽油混合物の熱反応や燃焼反応に及ぼす炭素粉末の種類の影響を, 炭素粉末の物性測定, 混合物の熱反応性や燃焼反応性を測定することにより検討し, 以下の結果が得られた。
硝酸アンモニウムのみ, 硝酸アンモニウム - 炭素粉末混合物および硝酸アンモニウム - 軽油 - 炭素粉末混合物の熱分析では, 試料量, 試料容器の種類, 雰囲気の圧力, 昇温速度などにより非常に異なる結果が得られる｡ 加圧下や密封容器を用いると硝酸アンモニウムの昇華, 蒸発, 解離などが抑制され, 炭素粉末や軽油との混合物では激しい発熱反応が起こる。 硝酸アンモニウム - 炭素粉末混合物および硝酸アンモニウム - 軽油 - 炭素粉末混合物の熱反応では, 炭素粉末は還元剤や触媒として働くが, その活性は炭素粉末の比表免責などの表面物性に依存した｡ 硝酸アンモニウム - 軽油 - 炭素粉末混合物の熱反応では, 高活性の炭素粉末は1 wt%程度の少量の添加でも高い反応性を示した｡ また, 水溶液中での過酸化水素の分解に高活性を示す炭素粉末は, 硝酸アンモニウム-炭素粉末混合物の燃焼反応でも高い反応性を示した。