Recently, many studies have been conducted on "chlorine-free" ammonium nitrate (AN) which might replace ammonium perchlorate
(AP) in solid composite propellants. However, it is necessary to improve combustion characteristics of AN-based composite propellants,
such as ignitability and burning rate. Therefore, the present study aims at improving combustion characteristics of AN-based composite
propellants with magnalium (Mg-Al alloy) as metal fuel. Magnalium decreased decomposition temperature of AN by 40℃ and transforms the
form of AN thermal decomposition into two-stage reaction. At the first stage only AN decomposes and at the second stage melted AN
and/or oxidant gases issued from AN cause condensed reaction or heterogeneous reaction with solid magnalium. The oxide of magnalium
is produced as a residue. Magnalium-containing AN-based propellants are superior to Al-containing AN-based ones in the self-sustaining
burning at low pressures and burning rates. The burning rate of AN-based propellants increases with content of magnalium. The propellant
with the formulation of AN/HTPB/Mg-Al =48/32/20 (wt%) showed the burning rate of 3.58 mm/s at 5MPa and the pressure exponent of 0.3.
現在,過塩素酸アンモニウム(AP)の代替酸化剤として塩素を含まない硝酸アンモニウム(AN)を用いる多くの研究が行われている。しかしAN系推進薬を用いるには,AP系推進薬に比べ劣る燃焼性能(着火性や燃焼速度)の向上が必要である。よって,マグナリウム(Mg-Al合金)を混入することにより,AN系推進薬の燃焼性能の向上を目的とした。ANの熱分解開始温度はMg-Alの混入により,約40℃減少した。またMg-AlはANの熱分解形式を2段階に変えた。1段目ではANの分解が生じ,2段目ではANの分解と同時に,融解ANあるいはANの酸化性熱分解気体とMg-Alの間で発熱酸化反応が生じMg-Alの酸化物が残った。AN系推進薬へのMg-Alの混入は,Al入り推進薬の低圧側での燃焼持続性を改善し,燃焼速度の増加を実現させた。Mg-Al量の増加と共に,AN系推進薬の燃焼速度は増加した。AN/HTPB/Mg-Al(48/32/20)の組成の推進薬は5MPaで3.58 mm/s の燃焼速度を得,圧力指数は0.3であった。