Bulk emulsion explosives have been generally used for blasting systems in many countries but not in Japan. As ammonium nitrate emulsion (ANE) is sensitized as an explosive precursor only at the time of use, its thermal hazard evaluation during the storage and the transportation is essentially important ; ANE is composed of ammonium nitrate, water, oil and emulsifier. For evaluation of its thermal stability, 1.5 L pressure vessel tests (1.5L-PVT) have been newly developed in the present work as a testing method on an intermediate scale. The vessel of the 1.5L-PVT is composed of a thermocouple, a pressure sensor, an orifice plate and a bursting disk. Some kinds of ANEs with different water contents have been prepared. The ANEs of 100 g order have been heated by gas burners, and the temperature and the pressure have been measured simultaneously. The bursting disk is adjusted to relieve the pressure above 2MPa. In the case of 1.5 L-PVT, orifice blocking is fully expected not to occur so readily as in the current Koenen test. The DSC before 1.5L-PVT has also supplied useful information as a screening test. The water contents of the ANEs are found to be one of the key factors for reducing a probability of thermal hazard.
バルクエマルションを用いた発破システムは,海外で多く使われている。 硝酸アンモニウムエマルション(ANE)は,爆薬の前駆体で,使用の直前に鋭敏化し爆薬となる。ANEの熱的危険性評価は,貯蔵や移動の際に火災になった場合に 重要である。ANEの熱的危険性評価を実施するために,1.5 Lの圧力容器試験(1.5L-PVT)とDSC測定を実施した。 ANEは,硝酸アンモニウム,水,油,乳化剤が混ぜられてエマルションとなっている。 1.5L-PVTの容器は熱電対,圧力センサー,オリフィス板,破裂板を有している。 100 gのANEをガスバーナーで加熱し,温度と圧力の同時測定を行った。 破裂板は2MPaを超えると破裂する。現行のケーネンテストに比べ,1.5L-PVTはオリフィス閉塞が少ない。 DSCを実施することで1.5L-PVTのスクリーニングテストとなることも判った。 最終的には,ANEの水分含有量が熱的危険性評価の1つのポイントとなることが判った。
ammonium nitrate emulsion, thermal hazard evaluation, DSC, 1.5 L-pressure vessel test